會話保持及Form表單--Form表單
Form表單分為三種：Form表單都繼承自django.forms
1、簡單表單的使用(Form)
2、模型表單(ModelForm)
3、模型表單的自定義驗證
實例1：簡單表單的使用，博客用戶注冊表單
步驟
在項目目錄下創建forms.py,表單文件
from django import forms
class RegisterForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField(label='用戶名',max_length=20) #CharField 默認對應text類 password = forms.CharField(label='密碼',max_length=8, #字段名與input類中一一對應，會被渲染成input類型 min_length=6, #label屬性會被渲染成label標簽的內容 widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placehodler':'請輸入長度為6-8位的密碼'}), error_messages={ 'min_length':'密碼長度小於6位', 'max_length':'密碼長度大於8位' }) password_repeat = forms.CharField(label='請再次輸入密碼',widget=forms.PasswordInput()) email = forms.EmailField(required=False) #這個選項表示這個選項不是必填項，默認是必填選項 #自定義驗證密碼，重寫clean方法 def clean(self): cleaned_data = super().clean() #繼承父類的clean() 方法，使用驗證is_valid()方法會調用clean() password = cleaned_data.get('password') password_repeat = cleaned_data.get('password_repart') if password != password_repeat: msg = '密碼不一致！' self.add_error('password_repeat',msg)
在視圖view.py中添加：
def register(request): if request.method == 'GET': form = RegisterForm() if request.method == 'POST': form = RegisterForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): #調用is_valid()方法進行驗證時，需要調用clean() return HttpResponse('注冊成功') return render(request, 'teacher/register.html', context={'form': form})
定義渲染頁面register.html代碼：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> * { margin: 0; padding: 0; } </style> </head> <body> <form action="" method="post"> #填寫完畢后，提交出來 {% csrf_token %} {{ form.as_p }} #將forms表單中的屬性渲染出來 <input type="submit" value="注冊"> </form> </body> </html>
在路由urls.py中添加：
path('register/',views.register,name='register'),
實例二：模型表單
2.1、修改表單，自定義驗證身份證信息，以及使用標簽添加樣式，字段錯誤后顯示樣式等。
forms.py中添加如下代碼：
from django import forms from teacher.models import StudentDetail,Student#模型表單 class StudentForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Student #指定使用的模型 exclude = ['is_deleted'] #排除列表中的字段 # fields = ['name','age'] #添加 class StudentDetailForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = StudentDetail exclude = ['student'] def clean_num(self): #自定義驗證身份證信息 data = self.cleaned_data.get('num') if not data[:-1].isdigit(): raise forms.ValidationError('你輸入的號碼不正確') return data
view.py中添加
from teacher.models import Student,Grade,StudentDetail,Course,Enroll
from teacher.forms import RegisterForm,StudentDetailForm,StudentForm
def new_edit(request,pk):
section = '學生信息修改' student = Student.objects.get(pk =pk) form = StudentForm(instance=student) try: detail_form = StudentDetailForm(instance=student.studentdetail) except: #說明學生對象還沒有學生詳情 student_detail = StudentDetail() student_detail.student=student student_detail.save() detail_form = StudentDetailForm(instance=student_detail) if request.method == 'POST': form = StudentForm(request.POST,instance=student) detail_form = StudentDetailForm(request.POST,instance=student.studentdetail) if form.is_valid() and detail_form.is_valid(): form.save() detail_form.save() return redirect(reverse('teacher:students')) return render(request,'teacher/student_edit_form.html',context={ 'section':section, 'student':student, 'form':form, 'detail_form':detail_form })
student_edit_form.html代碼如下：
{% extends 'teacher/base.html' %} {% block title %}添加學生{% endblock %} {% load customer_tags %} {% block section %} {{ section }}{% endblock %} {% block content %} <form class="form-horizontal" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {% for field in form %} {# field.errors 字段的錯誤#} <div class="form-group {% if field.errors %}has-error{% endif %}"> #錯誤字段顯示紅色 {% for error in field.errors %} #渲染錯誤信息 <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}" class="col-sm-2 control-label">{{ error }}</label> {% endfor %} <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}" class="col-sm-2 control-label">{{ field.label }}</label> #渲染正式信息 <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">{% add_class field 'form-control' %}</label> #使用標簽添加樣式 </div> </div> {% endfor %} {% for field in detail_form %} <div class="form-group"> {% for error in field.errors %} <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}" class="col-sm-2 control-label">{{ error }}</label> {% endfor %} <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}" class="col-sm-2 control-label">{{ field.label }}</label> <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">{% add_class field 'form-control' %}</label> </div> </div> {% endfor %} <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提交</button> </form> {% endblock %}
使用標簽添加樣式代碼如下，在customer_tags.py中添加：
@register.simple_tag() def add_class(field,class_str): return field.as_widget(attrs={'class':class_str})
在urls.py 中添加如下路由：
path('newedit/<int:pk>/',views.new_edit,name='new_edit'),
渲染效果如下：
2.2 使用模型表單重新定義“添加”學生
view.py中添加
def new_add(request): section = '添加學生' if request.method == 'GET': form = StudentForm() detail_form = StudentDetailForm() if request.method == 'POST': form = StudentForm(request.POST) detail_form = StudentDetailForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid() and detail_form.is_valid(): student = form.save() #加上commit=False不會去真的保存到數據庫中 #因為還要給它加上外鍵關聯對象 student_detail = detail_form.save(commit=False) student_detail.student = student student_detail.save() return redirect(reverse('teacher:students')) return render(request,'teacher/student_edit_form.html', context={ 'section':section, 'form':form, 'detail_form':detail_form })
更新urls.py路由信息
path('student_add/',views.new_add,name='student_add'),
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